Having access to and using checking and savings accounts and other financial products can help families save money, plan for the future, and build credit. Rates of underbanked and unbanked households may indicate limited access to resources, especially in low-income communities. Without a bank account, one must pay fees for cashing checks that accumulate over time.

Access to financial services was lower among African American and Hispanic residents in Norfolk County than it was for Asian residents and white residents in 2017. Unbanked or underbanked rates in Norfolk were 41% for African Americans, 32% for Hispanics, 18% for Asians, and 14% for whites.

While Norfolk County had the lowest rates of unbanked and underbanked rates across all races and ethnicities compared to Essex County, Middlesex County and the nation, the disparities are similar.

While Norfolk County had the lowest rates of unbanked and underbanked rates across all races and ethnicities compared to Essex County, Middlesex County and the nation, the disparities are similar.

Scholars have uncovered the connections between racial disparities in access to financial services and historical and contemporary practices that disadvantage the Black community and other people of color and contribute to gaps in wealth that have compounded over generations. Policies to exclude people of color from financial systems and capital included redlining, which prevented many Black people from obtaining mortgages. Historic incidents, including the demise of the Freedman's Savings and Trust in 1874 which resulted in a $2.9 million loss for mostly Black depositors lacking federal insurance, contributed to ongoing mistrust of financial institutions. Today, there is a dearth of bank branches in some neighborhoods and people of color tend to pay more for bank products such as car loans or mortgages even when they have comparable credit ratings as white peers.

Underbanked households are those that have a checking and/or a savings account but have used non-bank money orders, non-bank check-cashing services, non-bank remittances, payday loans, rent-to-own services, pawn shops or refund anticipation loans (RALs) in the past 12 months. Unbanked households have neither a checking nor savings account.